naturalscience

Monday 12 October 2015

Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds which cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied in small amount in diet for the normal health, growth and maintenance of body.

Vitamins are essential to us for the normal and proper functioning of the body. The absence or deficiency of a vitamin can cause specific diseases.

In 1912, Sir H G Hopkins first identified vitamins in milk. The name ‘vitamins’ was given by Casmir Funk.

Vitamins are classified into two types,

Water soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamin B complex and vitamin c are water soluble.

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins.

Sl.No.	Vitamins		Deficiency diseases
1	Vitamin B₁	Thiamine (aneurin)	Beriberi
2	Vitamin B₂	Riboflavin (lactoflavin)	Chillosis
3	Vitamin B₃	Niacin	Pellagra
4	Vitamin B₅	Pantothenic acid	Parasthesia
5	Vitamin B₆	Pyridoxine	Dermites
6	Vitamin B₇	Biotin	Seboria
7	Vitamin B₉	Pholic acid	Megaloblastic anemia
8	Vitamin B₁₂	Cyanocobalamin	Pernicias anemia
9	Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid	Scurvy
10	Vitamin A	Retinol	Nightblindness, xerophthalmia, xerosis
11	Vitamin D	Calciferol	Rickets
12	Vitamin E	Tocopherol	Sterility
13	Vitamin K	Phylloquinone	Bleeding

Friday 27 March 2015

POLLINATION

Pollination is the mechanism to transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a pistil is termed pollination.

KINDS OF POLLINATION

Depending on the source of pollen, pollination can be divided into three.

Autogamy

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of same flower is called autogamy or self-pollination.

Geitonogamy

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of same plant is called geitonogamy.

Xenogamy

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different plant is called xenogamy.

AGENTS OF POLLINATION

Pollinating agents are either abiotic (wind and water) or biotic (animals).

Pollination by wind

Wind pollination is more common amongst abiotic pollination. Wind pollination requires that the pollen grains are light and non-sticky so that they can be transport easily. And the plants have well exposed stamens and large often feathery stigma to easily trap pollen grains.

Pollination by water

Aquatic plants may have aerial, submerged or floating flowers. It is quite rare in flowering plants. And the plants have well exposed stamens and large often feathery stigma to easily trap pollen grains.

Pollination by Animals

Insect pollination

Flowers are mostly pollinated by insects. When an insect visiting a flower to collect food (nectar) pollen from the stamens sticks to the insect and then it travels to another flower these pollen grains are sticks to stigma of the flower.

Bird pollination

Many bird pollinated flowers are bright coloured (red or orange) to attract birds, flowers are large in size and most are tubular so that bird can dip their beaks in. while pollen grains from stamen sticks on birds head and pollination occurs.

Mammal pollination

Some types of bats and Australian possum are the important mammal pollinators. They pollinate flowers by feed on nectar and pollen.

Wednesday 25 March 2015

Beautiful Nature

Tuesday 6 January 2015

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Thursday 18 September 2014

CHLOROPLAST AND CHLOROPHYLL PPT

Monday 15 September 2014

TEACHING LESSON TEMPLATE

INNOVATIVE TEACHING LESSON TEMPLATE

Name of the teacher: Rakhi.A.R Date:15/09/2014

Name of the school: G. V.H.S.S.NDD STD: IX

Subject: Biology STR: 40

Unit: The Chemical Changes Of Food Period :II

Topic : Organs Of Digestion In Mouth Time: 45 Minutes Average age :14 ⁺

^{CURRICULAR
STATEMENT}

^{The pupil develops different dimensions of knowledge on
organs of digestion in mouth through group discussions, lecturing, observation,
and evaluation by questioning, participation in group work, reporting, presentation
etc.}

^{CONTENT ANALYSIS}

^TERMS

^{Milk teeth, wisdom teeth, incisor, canine, premolar, molar,
tongue.}

^FACTS

^{Human beings have 32 teeth, a
tongue, and three pairs of salivary glands in the mouth.}
^{Tooth fixed in the socket of jaw
bone.}
^{The first set of teeth formed
during child hood is called milk teeth.}
^{An adult person have 32 teeth, of
these 4 are grow only after attaining adult hood are called wisdom teeth.}
^{Human teeth are of 4 different
types-incisor, canine, premolar, molar.}
^{incisors helps to cut the food into
pieces}
^{Canines help to tearing the food.}
^{Premolars and molars help to chew
the food.}
^{Teeth are covered with enamel.}
Salivary gland secret saliva.
. Taste buds on the tongue help in differentiating the taste.

^CONCEPT

^{MAJOR CONCEPT}

^{Organs of digestion in mouth}

^{MINOR CONCEPT}

^{. 1.}^{Human beings have 32 teeth, a
tongue, and three pairs of salivary glands are in mouth. The first set of teeth
formed during child hood is called milk teeth and by about 7 – 12 years these
falls and permanent teeth grow in their place.}

^2.^{Human teeth are of four different
types- incisor, canine, premolar, molar. The tongue helps in chewing the food
to recognizing the tastes and swallows the chewed food.}

^{LEARNING OUTCOMES}

^{To enable the pupil,}

^{recalling the organs of mouth in
digestion,}

^{recognizing the different types of teeth,}

- for developing factual knowledge,

^{recalling digestive organs in mouth
– salivary gland}

^{explaining the structure of teeth,}

^{executing group work to discussing
about structure and functions of teeth.}

^{-for developing conceptual
knowledge,}

^{inferring about the functions of
digestive organs in mouth,}

^{executing group work to understand
the types of teeth,}

^{-for developing procedural
knowledge,}

^{develop process skills such as
observing, classifying,}

^{develop positive attitude towards
process of digestion.}

^{PRE-REQUISITES}

^{Human beings have 32 teeth in
mouth.}

^{TEACHING LEARNING RESOURCES}

^{Video – digestion, types of teeth
and their function. Picture album – salivary gland, tongue, teeth. Role play of
milk teeth, wisdom teeth, permanent teeth. Model – L.S.of teeth.}

^{CLASS ROOM INTERACTION PROCEDURE}

^{EXPECTED PUPIL RESPONSE}

^INTRODUCTION

^{Teacher talk friendly with students and ask
questions to check previous knowledge}

^{Have you had your lunch?}

^{We eat food with the help of?}

^{Why we are eating food?}

^{How we get energy from our food?}

^{Teacher shows a video of digestion}

^{Where the digestion does takes place first?}

^{Which are the organs helping for the digestion in
mouth?}

^PRESENTATION

^{Teacher group the students into 4 groups and name
them teeth, tongue, saliva, enamel}

^{ACTIVITY 1}

^{Teacher invite students to present a role play.}

^{MILK TEETH}

^{Hay, I am
milk teeth. The first set of teeth formed during the child hood. I am in 20
in number.}

^{PERMANENT TEETH}

^{Hallo! I am permanent teeth all of you love and caring
very much.by about 7 – 12 years the milk teeth fall and I grow in their
place. Human beings have 32 teeth.}

^{WISDOM TEETH}

^{Oh! Human beings have a set of 32 teeth but of
these four are grow only after attaining adult hood. We are known as wisdom
teeth.}

^{DISCUSSION HINTS}
Is there any difference in number of teeth in children and adult?
What are wisdom teeth?

^{ACTIVITY 2}

^{Teacher shows a picture album of organs of
digestion in mouth.}

^{DISCUSSION HINTS}

How does the tongue help in the process of digestion?
What is the special feature of teeth that helps to convert the food into pieces?
What is the function of salivary gland?

^{ACTIVITY 3}

^{Teacher shows a video on types of teeth and its
function.}

^{DISCUSSION
HINTS}
How many types of teeth are present in human beings?
Which are the 4 types of teeth and what are their functions?

^{ACTIVITY 4}

^{Teacher shows a model of L.S.of teeth.}

^{DISCUSSION HINTS}
Which is the outermost layer of teeth?
Which are the three regions of teeth?

^{SUMMARIZATION}

^{Student
understands the organs of digestion in mouth through video, picture album,
models, and lecturing.}

^Teeth^(CB)

^Tongue^(CB)

^{Salivary
gland}^(CB)

^{Milk
teeth}^(CB)

^{Wisdom
teeth}^(CB)

^Incisor^(CB)

^Canine^(CB)

^Premolar^(CB)

^Molar^(CB)

^{- Yes.}

^{- Mouth.}

^{- For getting energy.}

^{- Through digestion.}

- In mouth.

^{- Teeth, tongue, and}
^saliva.

- Childhood we have
milk teeth it is 20
in number, in adulthood
we have 32 permanent
teeth.

^{- The 4 teeth growing}
^{after attaining adulthood}
^arecalled wisdom teeth.

- Tongue direct food

towards the teeth for
chewing. Helps to
swallow the food Helps
to differentiating taste.

^-The hardness of teeth.

- Salivary gland
secretes saliva.

4 types

^{incisor – for cutting food}

^{canine – for tearing food}

^{premolar – for chewing}
^food

^{molar – for chewing food}

Enamel

^{Crown, Neck, Root.}

^REVIEW

Which are the digestive organs present in mouth?
What is the reason for the hardness of teeth?
What is the function of tongue in digestion?
What is a wisdom tooth?
Identify the pictures a ,b,c ,d and write down their function

Teeth	Function
a.
b.
c.
d.

^{ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY}

Make the models of different types of teeth present in human beings using waste materials.